ELLIPSIS

Ellipsis is defined as an omission of a word or words considered essential for grammatical completeness but not for the conveyance of the intended lexical meaning, as in the following example: 

The big sitdown planned for September 17

("Daily Worker"), where sitdown stands for sitdown demonstration.(Сидячая забастовка, сидячая демонстрация).

Professional and other communities are the Ideal setting for ellipsis.

Open on for Open fire on, Put to sea for Put ship to sea are of wartime and navy origin, 

and Bill for Bill of exchange comes from business circles;

in a newspaper office Daily paper and Weekly paper were quite naturally shortened to Daily and Weekly.

Unlike other types of shortening, ellipsis always results in a change of lexico-grammatical meaning, and therefore the new word belongs to a different part of speech. Various other processes are often interwoven with ellipsis. For instance: Finals for Fiinal examinations is a case of ellipsis combined with substantiation of the first element, whereas Prelims for Preliminary examinations results from elllipsis, substantivation and clipping. Other examples of the same complex type are Perm - Permanent wave; Pop - Popular music; Prom - Promenade concert; Pub - Public house; Taxi - Taxicab, Taximeter-cab.

Inside this group a subgroup with prefixed derivatives as first elements of prototype phrases can be distinguished,

e.g. Co-ed - Co - educational institution;

Pre - fab - Prefabricated house or structure.

To be continued.